![]() Minton was acutely aware of the rather isolated professional and social world in which Philadelphia’s small but slowly escalating number of black professionals existed. Here, in his home city of Philadelphia, Henry McKee Minton and a small group of his colleagues founded Sigma Pi Phi Fraternity, the nation’s first black Greek-letter Fraternity. Such was the case in the city of Philadelphia, with a population of black citizens in 1900 of approximately 63,000. Yet, within black communities, social organizations, churches, benevolent associations, secret fraternal groups, private schools, newspapers and small entrepreneurial businesses were established to provide for individual and family support and sustainability. ![]() Black citizens were forced to live in segregated neighborhoods with limited access to educational, economic and political opportunities, housing options, and community and health services throughout the United States. Ferguson Supreme Court decision that called for separate but equal racial policies and practices, and further sanctioned by the passage of local and state Jim Crow laws throughout the nation, limited housing, education and employment opportunities for black Americans for more than half of the 20th century. At the beginning of the twentieth century, national, state and local racial discrimination and segregation, legitimized by the 1896 Plessey v.
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